FREEPORT - The University of Illinois-Extension office released information on an insect that has been a particular nuisance this summer in northern Illinois.

Buffalo gnats, or black flies, are small, 1/16- to 1/8-inch-long, humpbacked black flies. They bite exposed skin, typically leaving a small, red welt. The toxins from the bites can kill poultry and other birds. They feed on the thinly haired areas of dogs, cats and horses, such as ears and undersides.

Many buffalo gnat species live as larvae in clear, fast-moving streams and feed by filtering food from the water. Adult buffalo gnats can fly from seven to 15 miles from their source, but generally, Illinois residents who are bothered the most live within a half-mile of the stream producing the flies. DEET repellents provide the most effective protection. In areas with high populations of buffalo gnats, people can wear head nets or hats with insect protective netting that covers the head down to the shoulders. Unlike mosquitoes, buffalo gnats do not bite through clothing, so only exposed skin is susceptible to attack. They also do not enter buildings.

For more information, visit Northwest Illinois Extension Horticulture's Facebook at www.facebook.com/northwestillinoishorticulture.